Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research

Pardeep Kumar ¹, N. K. Pathania ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Nageswer Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN
2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN

Abstract

Lettuce is a popular salad vegetable in European countries. In India its demand is also increasing. It is not possible to grow salad vegetables under open environmental conditions due to vagaries of weather. The state government in Himachal Pradesh (India) is promoting polyhouse cultivation in a very big way. But the lack of suitable cultivars under polyhouse conditions is the biggest challenge to the growers of the hilly state. Therefore, in the present study seven genotypes of lettuce viz. Red Butter Head (G₁), Ice-berg (G₂), Revolution (G₃), Dublin (G₄), Garishma (G₅), Bergamo (G₆) and Green Romaine (G₇) were evaluated in a 36 x 6 m modified naturally ventilated polyhouse having fan pad system. Maximum gross weight (826.6 g/plant) was recorded in G₂ which was statistically at par with G₄ (791.6 g/plant). Minimum gross weight per plant was found in G₇ (18836 g). Maximum net weight/plant was recorded in G₇ (631.3 g) which was statistically at par with G₂ (578.3 g), G₄ (583.6 g), G₅ (458.6 g) and G₆ (480.3 g). Lettuce genotypes also varied in quality parameters viz. chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, starch, reducing, non-reducing and total sugars and sodium content.

Keywords

Lettuce, Polyhouse, Protected Cultivation, Salad Vegetable.

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Pardeep Kumar ¹, Shivani Rana ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Viplove Negi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062, IN

Abstract

Grafting is an alternative approach used in vegetable production to fight against soil-borne diseases such as Fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt and nematodes since 1920s in Japan and Korea. Grafting as a technology for the commercial production was later on adopted by many countries in Europe, Middle East, Northern Africa, Central America and other parts of Asia. For the production of many fruit-bearing vegetables which include watermelon, cucumber, melon, tomato, eggplant and pepper, grafted seedlings were used. These seedlings besides providing resistance against biotic/abiotic stresses, increase the yield of the cultivars. This technique is considered eco-friendly for sustainable vegetable production because the resistant ischolar_mainstock reduces dependence on agrochemicals. Grafting improves quality of the plant and is used to induce resistance against low and high temperatures. Growth, yield and fruit quality of the scion is greatly influenced by the type of ischolar_mainstock used. Due to high post graft mortality of seedlings, this technology is still in infancy in India. For its commercial application in India, sharpening of grafting skills and healing environment need to be standardized.

Keywords

Grafting, Advantages, Methods, Basic Pre-Requisites, Precautions.

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Shivani Rana ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Amar Singh ¹, S. K. Upadhyay ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176 062, IN

Abstract

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.) is an important commercial crop grown under protected condition in Himachal Pradesh. Being long duration under protected environment, it is the principle money spinner off-season crop. Production of bell pepper under protected conditions in the state is very low as compared to the National and International levels because of lack of suitable Cultivars and hybrids resistant to bacterial wilt. Among biotic stresses bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most devastating disease under protected as well as open field conditions in mid hills of HP which reduces yield of capsicum to very low levels. Numerous attempts have been made to develop bacterial wilt resistant varieties, but till date no resistant hybrid is available. The best option to overcome this problem is grafting scions of horticulturally superior hybrids on resistant ischolar_mainstocks. The study revealed that chilli ischolar_mainstock PI-201232 was the most suitable bacterial wilt resistant ischolar_mainstock of bell pepper whereas; brinjal ischolar_mainstocks were not suitable for bell pepper scions.

Keywords

Bell Pepper, Grafting, Rootstock, Scion, Bacterial Wilt, Protected Cultivation.

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Viplove Negi ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Desh Raj ¹, Amar Singh ², Binny Vats ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

An inter-specific tomato-potato graft study was undertaken in a naturally ventilated quonset polyhouse at Palampur during the autumn and winter seasons 2015. The treatments comprised of combination of two tomato hybrids [Avtar-7711 (S₁) and GS-600 (S₂)] as scions, three potato cultivars viz. Kufri Himsona (V₁), Kufri Himalini (V₂) and Kufri Giriraj (V₃) as ischolar_mainstocks and two grafting methods viz. tongue grafting (G₁) and cleft grafting (G₂). GS-600 tongue grafted on Kufri Himalini (V₂G₁S₂) resulted in maximum survival of grafted plants (93.25%) as well as grafting success rate (81.68%). Kufri Himalini (V₂) was found to be the best ischolar_mainstock for tomato scions which gave 2 maximum survival of grafted plants (87.89%) as well as grafting success rate (76.59%). Cleft grafting (G₂) resulted in maximum survival of grafted plants (84.13%) and grafting success rate (72.95%). Tomato scion GS-600 (S₂) was found to be the best scion for potato ischolar_mainstocks which resulted in a significantly higher survival of grafted plants (85.72%) and grafting success rate (73.85%) as well. Kufri Himalini+GS- 600 was the best ischolar_mainstock-scion combination giving maximum survival of grafted plants and grafting success rate irrespective of the grafting methods used. It is also concluded from the study that irrespective of the ischolar_mainstocks and grafting methods employed, scion GS-600 (S₂ always had better survival in grafted plants and a significantly higher grafting success rate at least for the three best performing treatments and grafting tomato on potato plants in compatible combinations had a significant impact on their survival.

Keywords

Pomato, Vegetable Grafting, Graft Compatibility, Inter-Specific Grafting, Solanaceae.

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Neha ¹, Raj Paul Sharma ¹, Swapana Sepehya ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, G. D. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of potassium, zinc and boron on wheat productivity, the present investigation was undertaken at the experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur. The experiment comprised of sixteen treatments with four levels of K (0,50,100 andl50% of recommended dose), two levels of Zn (0 and 101^ ha ‘) and two levels of B (0 and 1 kg ha^-1) in factorial randomized block design. Application of K @ 50,100 and 150 % of recommended dose increased plant height, dry matter accumulation, total and effective tillers per metre row length, grains per ear and test weight significantly. Application of Zn (10 kg ha^-1) and B (1 kg ha^-1) influenced the growth and yield attributes of wheat significantly. Highest grain (42.52q ha ‘) and straw (66.80q ha ‘) yield of wheat was recorded under 150 % of recommended dose of potassium. Application of 150 % of recommended dose of K increased grain and straw yield by 44 and 47 % over no K, respectively. Application of Zn (10 kg ha^-1) increased grain and straw yield by 11 and 10 % over no Zn, respectively. The increase in grain and straw yield with the application of B (1 kg ha^-1) was 5.6 and 6.3 %, respectively.

Keywords

Potassium, Zinc, Boron, Growth, Yield Attributes, Wheat Yield, Alfisol.

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Sunandini Kachru ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Usha Rana ², S. K. Upadhyay ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Department of Biology & Environmental Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
3 Department of Horticulture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the response of growing media and various concentrations of IBA and cow urine on ischolar_main parameters viz., number of days to ischolar_main initiation, number of ischolar_mains per cutting, ischolar_main length (cm) and survival percentage of the stem cuttings (%). Root formation was significantly earlier in the cuttings treated with RH1C2G2 (RHl = IBA, C2 = 100 ppm and G2 = SoU) and CUCIGI (CU = Cow urine, Cl = 5% and G1 = SoiUess) i.e. 4.67 days than the non treated tomato stem cuttings. Maximum number of ischolar_mains per cutting (27.67) and longer ischolar_main length (8.73 cm) were obtained from treatment RH1C3G2 (RHl = IBA, C3 = 150 ppm and G2 = Soil). All treatments showed a significant increase in all the ischolar_main parameters except survival percentage of the stem cuttings (%).

Keywords

IBA, Cow Urine, Tomato, Stem Cuttings, Rooting.

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Parveen Sharma ¹, Mamta Kumari ¹, Vidyasagar ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design with three replications during spring-summer season 2013 at Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur to standardize the best time of stigma receptivity and optimum fruit load in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) The data indicated that for hybrid seed production of tomato under polyhouse conditions, the pollination carried out between 9.00 to 10.00 am and retaining fruit load of 20 fruits per plant, exhibited higher fruit set (65.1%), average fruit weight (64.2g), 1000-seed weight (4.20g), average seed weight per fruit (0.17g), fruit yield per plant (1496.7g), seed yield per plant (4.54g) and seed quality parameters such as germination (91.7%) and seedling vigour index (1943) as compared to the pollinations done before and after this time and retaining fruit load of 25 or 30 fruits per plant.

Keywords

Tomato, Emasculation, Pollination Time, Stigma Receptivity, Seed Quality.

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Neha ¹, Raj Paul Sharma ¹, Swapana Sepehya ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, G. D. Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur with sixteen treatments consisting of four levels of K (0, 50,100 and 150% of recommended dose), two levels of Zn (0 and 10 kg ha^-1) and two levels of B (0 and 1 kg ha^-1) . Highest grain (42.52q ha^-1) and straw (66.80 q ha^-1) yield of wheat was recorded under 150 per cent of recommended dose of wheat. Application of 150 per cent of recommended dose of K increased grain and straw yield by 43.7 and 46.9 per cent over no K, respectively. Application of Zn (10 kg ha^-1) increased grain and straw yield by 10.9 and 9.8 per cent over no Zn, respectively. The increase in grain and straw yield with the application of B (1 kg ha^-1) was 5.6 and 6.3 per cent, respectively. Application of K increased K, Zn and B contents significantly at maximum tillering and harvesting. Application of Zn increased Zn and B contents significantly at both the stages. However, B increased the contents of Zn and B only at maximum tillering stage and at harvesting (grain and straw). Almost similar effects of K, Zn and B application on total nutrient uptake were observed. Application of Zn increased partial factor productivity, physiological efficiency, agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery. Boron application increased partial factor productivity and apparent recovery only.

Keywords

Potassium, Zinc, Boron, Wheat Yield, Uptake, Potassium Use Efficiency, Alfisol.

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Vibhuti Sharma ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Amar Singh ², Pawan Kumar Sharma ³, N. D. Negi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
2 Department of Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
3 Department of Entomology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
4 Department of Horticulture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN

Abstract

Present investigation was carried out for two successive years i.e. 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the performance of grafted tomato with respect to growth, yield and quality of tomato under polyhouse conditions at Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur. Sixteen different ischolar_mainstocks of tomato were grafted with scion cultivar 'GS-600'. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and cleft grafting method was used. Plants grafted on ischolar_mainstock LS-89 proved superior to other ischolar_mainstocks for days to first flowering and days to first harvest. For prolonged harvest duration plants grafted on tomato ischolar_mainstock Green Gourd found superior. Higher yield in terms of number of marketable fruits per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant and marketable fruit yield per square metre in were recorded plants grafted on tomato ischolar_mainstock Green Gourd.

Keywords

Rootstocks, Scion, Number of Marketable Fruits Per Plant, Fruit Yield Per Plant, Fruit Yield Per Square Metre.

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Ankita Chauhan ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Arun Sood ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN

Abstract

Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial disease, is a severe obstacle to the production of solanaceous vegetables in both tropical and temperate regions. A total of nine major vegetables growing districts viz., Kangra, Hamirpur, Solan, Sirmour, Kullu, Shimla, Mandi and Bilaspur were surveyed in the month of June-July, 2019 to know the status of bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetables in term of its incidence. A significant variation was observed in term of bacterial wilt incidence among the major vegetables growing areas surveyed. The highest wilt incidence (90-100%) was recorded in tomato varieties Lal Sona, Roma and Manisha at Shimla, Kangra and Solan districts at Nayaser, Palampur and Gaura areas respectively. The Arka Kusumkar variety of brinjal also showed high wilt incidence of about 90-100 per cent in Palampur. Whereas, in capsicum variety California wonder was found to be susceptible to bacterial wilt and recorded about 60-90 per cent wilt incidence. In Hamirpur and Kangra 'Heemsohna' showed susceptible reaction (65-80%) but in Sirmour and Solan their reaction was moderately susceptible whereas, in Kullu district moderately resistant reaction was noticed in the same cultivar. Although 'Roma' in Kangra and 'Lal Sona' in Shimla were found highly susceptible against bacterial wilt of tomato. Similarly, 'California Wonder” of bell pepper and 'Arka' of brinjal showed highly susceptible reaction to bacterial wilt in Kangra district. Only one tomato cultivar 'Heemsohna” from Tyali village of Shimla was found completely resistant to bacterial wilt

Keywords

Bacterial Wilt Incidence, Solanaceous Vegetables, Ralstonia solanacearum, Himachal Pradesh.

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Neha Sharma ¹, Narender Kumar Sankhyan ¹, Raj Paul Sharma ¹, Anjali ¹, Anmoldeep Singh Chakkal ¹, Anjali Thakur ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

The effect of continuous application of fertilizers and amendments on wheat yield and nutrients in an acid Alfisol during rabi (2018-19) was evaluated in an ongoing long-term field experiment initiated in 1972 at the research farm of the Department of Soil Science, CSK HPKV, Palampur.The soil of the experimental area was acidic (pH 5.8), silt loam in texture and classified  taxonomically as “Typic Hapludalf”. The highest productivity of wheat was recorded in the treatment comprising 100% NPK + FYM and was statistically at par with treatment receiving 100% NPK with lime. Continuous sole application of N resulted in zero yield. The significantly superior available N and K were registered in treatment receiving 100% NPK + FYM. However, the highest available P was recorded in treatment where NPK at 150 per cent of the recommended dose were applied. The Zn application along with 100% NPK registered the highest value (4.19 mg kg^-1) of DTPA extractable Zn and application of 100% NPK + FYM recorded the highest value of DTPA extractable Fe, Cu, and Mn (36.8, 2.26, and 39.65 mg kg^-1, respectively). Overall, 100% NPK+ FYM was found to be the best treatment to increase the wheat productivity and maintain nutrients status in the soil on long-term basis.

Keywords

Alfisol, Amendments, Available Nutrient Status, Fertilizers, Wheat Productivity.

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Shilpa . ¹, Janardan Singh ¹, Sandeep Manuja ¹, Pardeep Kumar ², Pooja . ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, IN
2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur -176 062,, IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of tillage practices and different nutrient sources on growth, growth indices and yield of mustard. The experiment was directed in split plot design comprising of three main plots [(Zero tillage, Reduced tillage and conventional tillage) and four sub plots (75% RDN, 100% RDN, 75% RDF and 100% RDF) treatments]. Results revealed that plant height (137.92 cm), dry matter accumulation 2 2 (393.03 g/m ), absolute growth rate (0.20 g/day), crop growth rate (0.83 g/m /day), dry matter efficiency (0.149 %), 2 unit area efficiency (0.00062 kg/ m /day), seed yield (1045.0 kg/ha) and straw yield (3242.3 kg/ha) of mustard were highest under reduced tillage. Among different nutrient sources, 100 per cent recommended 2 dose of fertilizer recorded highest plant height (139.72 cm), dry matter accumulation (407.81 g/m ), dry matter 2 efficiency (0.151 %), unit area efficiency (0.00065 kg/ m /day), seed yield (1098.4 kg/ha) and straw yield (3112.6 2 kg/ha) whereas absolute growth rate (0.17 g/day) and crop growth rate (0.77 g/m /day) were highest with 75 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer. Correlation studies showed that plant height, dry matter accumulation, absolute growth rate, dry matter efficiency and unit area efficiency had positive significant association with mustard yield, indicating the importance of these traits in selection for yield. It was concluded that among tillage practices, reduced tillage proved best for growth and productivity of mustard whereas in case of different nutrient sources, 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizerwas found better.

Keywords

Conventional tillage, Farm yard manure, Growth, Mustard, Reduced tillage, Yield, Zero tillage.

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Sukhchain Singh ¹, Naveen Kumar ¹, Sandeep Manuja ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Usha Rana ¹, Pawan Kumar Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur–176 062,, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for four consecutive seasons from kharif 2019 to rabi 2020-21 at CSK, Himachal Pradesh, Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh (India) to evaluate the effect of different sources of nutrients on growth and productivity of maize-wheat cropping system. The experiment -1 was laid down in Randomized Block Design with three replications having seven treatments viz., T1 - 10t ha -1 FYM + 5% Jeevamrit as basal and at 4 weeks interval, T - 10t ha FYM + 10% Jeevamrit as basal and at 4 weeks 2 -1 -1 interval, T3 - 50% RDN+ 10 t ha FYM+ 5% Jeevamrit as basal and at 4 weeks interval, T4 - 50% RDN+ 10 t ha FYM+ 10% Jeevamrit as basal and at 4 weeks interval T - seed treatment with Beejamrit followed by 5% 5 Jeevamrit as basal and at 4 weeks interval, T - seed treatment with Beejamrit followed by 10% Jeevamrit as 6 basal and at 4 weeks interval, T - recommended NPK through inorganic sources. Application of 50% RDN + 10 7 -1 -1 t ha FYM + 10% Jeevamrit remaining at parwith application of 50% RDN + 10 t ha FYM + 5% Jeevamrit and application of recommended NPK resulted in higher leaf area index and crop growth rate of maize and wheat. -1 Application of 50% RDN + 10 t ha FYM + 10% Jeevamrit proved best to obtain higher relative growth rate of maize, whereas relative growth rate of wheat at 60-90 DAS, 90-120 DAS and 120-150 DAS was significantly higher with Beejamrit + 5% Jeevamrit application. Significantly higher grain yield of maize and wheat, total - yield of system and system productivity of maize-wheat cropping system was obtained with 50% RDN + 10 t ha 1 FYM + 10% Jeevamrit.

Keywords

Leaf area index, Jeevamrit, yield, maize, wheat.

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Vandana Thakur ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Pardeep Kumar ², Akhilesh Sharma ¹, Shilpa . ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062,, IN
2 Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharmshala, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur during the year 2019- 20 and 2020-21. The experimentation was designed in RCBD along with three replications. The data was worked out for various growth and yield of tomato and potato of pomato grafts. The outcomes of the investigation presented that maximum plant height (272.90 cm), number of fruits per cluster (8.20), fruit yield per pant (4.11 kg), tuber yield per square meter (5.44 kg), was calculated for the graft combinations i.e. K. Himalini + Rakshita, K. Himalini + PTH-1, K. Pukhraj + Avtar. Observations from the recorded data also proved that K. Jyoti+ Avtar and K. Jyoti + PTH-1 took minimum number of days for first flowering and days to harvest in case of tomato and potato i.e. 49.70 and 72.04. Hence, these graft combinations can be further recommended to grower, so they can fetch more yield from the limited land holding.

Keywords

Pomato, graft combinations, yield, growth, tomato fruits, potato tuber.

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